As I sit and stare at this blank screen, grasping for a topic to blog – especially considering I did not post last week due to the same case of writer’s block, I realize what a great analogy for this time of year. While most people write New Year’s resolutions and celebrate a new year come January 1st, a lot of us in education tend to look at August as our “new year.”
Blank classroom walls, blank white boards, and empty desks are picturesque as we will begin to prepare our environment and lessons for the clean slate of minds of those who will soon enter. Equally exciting and exhausting, this time of year gives way to both the existing and the new. Thoughts of improving upon what has already been done, as well as introducing fresh activities and material.
I can remember as a young girl that with each new school year came the enthusiastic thought of “this year I can do it RIGHT.” Words stemming from a perfectionist’s mind now phrased, “this year I can do it BETTER.” We all long for that, don’t we? A hope that those errors of the past can be forgotten, blotted out, erased and replaced.
While all may never be forgotten, at least we can move forward knowing that in time, mistakes heal. Perhaps that is the reason for Lamentations 3:22-23. Our need to know and be comforted by the fact His mercies are “new every morning” and our clean blank slate, for today, is ready to be filled.
Until next time… ❤️
I have recently discovered the true purpose of The Seeder Chest is to prepare personal devotionals and materials to help you become more deeply acquainted with God's inspired Word, the Bible. (Although the geek in me will still provide techie info and advice! 😉) So stay tuned... 👀 Looking forward to serving your needs... ❤️
Saturday, July 29, 2017
Saturday, July 15, 2017
True Worship
All week I have been contemplating on this week’s topic, and yet again I woke up today with “nothin in my noggin!” At first thinking I would resign to one of my favorite topics of passion, I realized rather than allowing it to be a resignation it should be a deliberate dissemination of something extremely important to our Christian walk and in our relationship with God. And while, yet again, today’s entry has become quite lengthy – I implore you to hang in til the end… 😉 But if this is not a topic of interest to you, or your time is limited, or you just simply cannot fathom sitting for more than it would take to read this in its entirety, I suggest you at least read the paragraph which begins, “In the same time frame…” at the end.
From September of 2016 to June of 2017, I earnestly sought for God to reveal the true meaning of worship. Let me first establish that, “There is a worship that expresses the heart, and worship that involves the mind, and a worship that involves the body. There is a worship that is giving praise upward, a worship that is receiving instructions from above, and a worship that carries out instruction in the world around us.” (1) As part of a worship team in some capacity since about 2001, I’m narrowing the talk today to about the worship achieved on the sanctuary platform. Priscilla Shire in her book One in a Million posed for her readers to “Describe a situation in which you thought you were ready to handle something you now realize you weren’t.” (p40) From which I gleaned the wisdom on that very same page of, “We must synchronize our primary purposes with God’s… we can neither accomplish abundant life with God nor overcome the Enemy’s advances without the Lord’s help.” We must “lay aside our determination to do life our way and follow Him.”
Although it is not directly written in Scripture that Satan was the worship leader in heaven, it’s not that far-fetched to realize that of all ministries, worship seems to be at the top of his hit list. In fact, a pastor once told me that of all the areas in ministry of a church, a majority of pastors will say they consider the worship team to be the most challenging. I would assert the reason to be mostly because musicians are so extremely passionate, and oftentimes that energy has not yet been properly focused – or at best, matured. The multiplication of several extremely passionate, improperly focused, immature people can be, well… uncomfortable and unproductive to say the least. One of my Bible’s topical notes on emotions mentions that expressing what is within determines attitude and behavior, and expresses outwardly our innermost beliefs. For example, if we truly believe God’s sovereignty and ultimate control, we exchange fear and worry for peace and contentment. It goes on to say, “You not only do yourself damage and limit your potential in Christ when you deny or suppress your emotions, you reduce your understanding of who God is.” The goal is to realize emotion – that passionate, heartfelt desire – is part of the energy that bonds believers to God and to each other in a rich, meaningful way.
The next place my study took me to was longsuffering – a Fruit of the Spirit. Longsuffering is an optimistic waiting… patience… endurance, steadfastness, and forbearance. An active response to opposition, not a passive resignation to the inevitable. Paul’s prayer in Colossians 1:9-14 was hope that the people would possess patience AND joy. The root of the word longsuffering means to “put fury far off while suffering wrong or injustice.” Why do I relate suffering or injustice with being on a worship team? Well, because immature passion can lead to (dare I say) becoming “butt-hurt” and a feeling of unfairness or injustice. The truth being that it’s probably not real, most certainly does not make friends or influence people, nor does it advance the Kingdom.
On the flip side of that, such a zealous group of people requires not just authoritarians, but strong leadership. One of the core leaders in my church once shared this 12 minute video with me by Simon Sinek on leadership and why good leaders make you feel safe… (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmyZMtPVodo) Very powerful, especially if you apply it to ministry. How about creating the right environment not only within a particular ministry, but within the entire church? Imagine… in such a terrifying world, developing a place we could be made to feel safe. A place where we attempt to win the lost souls of people. We all have the capacity to lead in this instance. The question is whether we choose to exercise it. SERVICE is the key.
While lack of good leadership can result in a somewhat misguided team, so can unrealistic expectations on the part of the team members. One of the ways I’ve battled against developing unrealistic expectations is giving attention to my own identity in Christ. “Search me, O God, and know my heart; Try me, and know my anxieties; And see if there is any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.” (Psalm 140: 23-24) It’s been noted time and time again that the only person people have the power to change is themselves. But it’s a process, isn’t it? “Commit your works to the Lord, and your thoughts will be established.” (Proverbs 16:3)
Bottom line, people are messy and it takes time to trust and build relationships in order to serve one another. St. Rose of Lima, who became known for both her life of severe asceticism (severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence) and her care of the needy, was quoted as saying, “Without the burden of afflictions it is impossible to reach the height of grace. The gifts of grace increase as the struggles increase.” Philippians 2:3-4 states, “When haughtiness and conceit are present, cooperation disappears.” If not vigilant, the potential blessing of ministry could even be taken away. An illustration of this from Exodus is Miriam, a gifted woman, who left a caution for every female leader. “God alone gives and removes both talent and importance. Miriam incurred God’s displeasure when she allowed herself to challenge the authority God had given Moses. She allowed jealousy and spitefulness to rob her of fulfillment in her later years.” (2) On a personal note, I had my microphone taken away at one time because I was not focusing on the true gift God had given me – playing the bass. Really, the goal is to strive to be of one accord… one mind; not equal with God; humbled. (Philippians 2:1-11)
In the same time frame I sought the Lord on this topic my husband was, and still is, seeking to improve his recording skills through various instructional videos. On one such occasion I joined him as he watched a video of Doug Gould (3). He used Romans 10:17 as preparation for the heart before he began, explaining that “if you don’t hear the Word with clarity and intelligibility, nobody’s heart gets changed; nobody’s life is transformed.” He went on to explain that worship is the critical gatekeeper of the conduit that allows the Word of God to enter the hearts, minds, and souls of the people. Elisabeth Elliot (4) was quoted as saying, “Worship is not an experience. Worship is an act, and this takes discipline.” Doug admonished his audience regarding worship, “If you don’t take it that seriously. DON’T… DO… IT.”
Until next time… ❤️
-------
(1) https://www.gci.org/God/worship
(2) Taken from a portrait of Miriam in my Bible
(3) Doug Gould is a veteran of the Pro Audio and Music Technology Industry for nearly 30 years, serving in management roles, worship leader, musician and tech at various churches.
(4) Elisabeth Elliot was a Christian author and speaker whose first husband, Jim Elliot, was killed in 1956 while attempting to make missionary contact with the Auca of eastern Ecuador – after which Elisabeth made her forgiveness known to her husband’s murderers and continued her work with the Quechua for two more years
From September of 2016 to June of 2017, I earnestly sought for God to reveal the true meaning of worship. Let me first establish that, “There is a worship that expresses the heart, and worship that involves the mind, and a worship that involves the body. There is a worship that is giving praise upward, a worship that is receiving instructions from above, and a worship that carries out instruction in the world around us.” (1) As part of a worship team in some capacity since about 2001, I’m narrowing the talk today to about the worship achieved on the sanctuary platform. Priscilla Shire in her book One in a Million posed for her readers to “Describe a situation in which you thought you were ready to handle something you now realize you weren’t.” (p40) From which I gleaned the wisdom on that very same page of, “We must synchronize our primary purposes with God’s… we can neither accomplish abundant life with God nor overcome the Enemy’s advances without the Lord’s help.” We must “lay aside our determination to do life our way and follow Him.”
Although it is not directly written in Scripture that Satan was the worship leader in heaven, it’s not that far-fetched to realize that of all ministries, worship seems to be at the top of his hit list. In fact, a pastor once told me that of all the areas in ministry of a church, a majority of pastors will say they consider the worship team to be the most challenging. I would assert the reason to be mostly because musicians are so extremely passionate, and oftentimes that energy has not yet been properly focused – or at best, matured. The multiplication of several extremely passionate, improperly focused, immature people can be, well… uncomfortable and unproductive to say the least. One of my Bible’s topical notes on emotions mentions that expressing what is within determines attitude and behavior, and expresses outwardly our innermost beliefs. For example, if we truly believe God’s sovereignty and ultimate control, we exchange fear and worry for peace and contentment. It goes on to say, “You not only do yourself damage and limit your potential in Christ when you deny or suppress your emotions, you reduce your understanding of who God is.” The goal is to realize emotion – that passionate, heartfelt desire – is part of the energy that bonds believers to God and to each other in a rich, meaningful way.
The next place my study took me to was longsuffering – a Fruit of the Spirit. Longsuffering is an optimistic waiting… patience… endurance, steadfastness, and forbearance. An active response to opposition, not a passive resignation to the inevitable. Paul’s prayer in Colossians 1:9-14 was hope that the people would possess patience AND joy. The root of the word longsuffering means to “put fury far off while suffering wrong or injustice.” Why do I relate suffering or injustice with being on a worship team? Well, because immature passion can lead to (dare I say) becoming “butt-hurt” and a feeling of unfairness or injustice. The truth being that it’s probably not real, most certainly does not make friends or influence people, nor does it advance the Kingdom.
On the flip side of that, such a zealous group of people requires not just authoritarians, but strong leadership. One of the core leaders in my church once shared this 12 minute video with me by Simon Sinek on leadership and why good leaders make you feel safe… (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmyZMtPVodo) Very powerful, especially if you apply it to ministry. How about creating the right environment not only within a particular ministry, but within the entire church? Imagine… in such a terrifying world, developing a place we could be made to feel safe. A place where we attempt to win the lost souls of people. We all have the capacity to lead in this instance. The question is whether we choose to exercise it. SERVICE is the key.
While lack of good leadership can result in a somewhat misguided team, so can unrealistic expectations on the part of the team members. One of the ways I’ve battled against developing unrealistic expectations is giving attention to my own identity in Christ. “Search me, O God, and know my heart; Try me, and know my anxieties; And see if there is any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.” (Psalm 140: 23-24) It’s been noted time and time again that the only person people have the power to change is themselves. But it’s a process, isn’t it? “Commit your works to the Lord, and your thoughts will be established.” (Proverbs 16:3)
Bottom line, people are messy and it takes time to trust and build relationships in order to serve one another. St. Rose of Lima, who became known for both her life of severe asceticism (severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence) and her care of the needy, was quoted as saying, “Without the burden of afflictions it is impossible to reach the height of grace. The gifts of grace increase as the struggles increase.” Philippians 2:3-4 states, “When haughtiness and conceit are present, cooperation disappears.” If not vigilant, the potential blessing of ministry could even be taken away. An illustration of this from Exodus is Miriam, a gifted woman, who left a caution for every female leader. “God alone gives and removes both talent and importance. Miriam incurred God’s displeasure when she allowed herself to challenge the authority God had given Moses. She allowed jealousy and spitefulness to rob her of fulfillment in her later years.” (2) On a personal note, I had my microphone taken away at one time because I was not focusing on the true gift God had given me – playing the bass. Really, the goal is to strive to be of one accord… one mind; not equal with God; humbled. (Philippians 2:1-11)
In the same time frame I sought the Lord on this topic my husband was, and still is, seeking to improve his recording skills through various instructional videos. On one such occasion I joined him as he watched a video of Doug Gould (3). He used Romans 10:17 as preparation for the heart before he began, explaining that “if you don’t hear the Word with clarity and intelligibility, nobody’s heart gets changed; nobody’s life is transformed.” He went on to explain that worship is the critical gatekeeper of the conduit that allows the Word of God to enter the hearts, minds, and souls of the people. Elisabeth Elliot (4) was quoted as saying, “Worship is not an experience. Worship is an act, and this takes discipline.” Doug admonished his audience regarding worship, “If you don’t take it that seriously. DON’T… DO… IT.”
Until next time… ❤️
-------
(1) https://www.gci.org/God/worship
(2) Taken from a portrait of Miriam in my Bible
(3) Doug Gould is a veteran of the Pro Audio and Music Technology Industry for nearly 30 years, serving in management roles, worship leader, musician and tech at various churches.
(4) Elisabeth Elliot was a Christian author and speaker whose first husband, Jim Elliot, was killed in 1956 while attempting to make missionary contact with the Auca of eastern Ecuador – after which Elisabeth made her forgiveness known to her husband’s murderers and continued her work with the Quechua for two more years
Saturday, July 8, 2017
Just Plantin’ Seeds
I can still recall words from a great woman and mentor, Pat Finch, which I often refused to heed – knowing as the wise 19 year old I was at the time that I knew better than she… (That, dear readers, was sarcasm if you missed it.) But she was right. Although I went my own way, the seeds which she helped plant in my heart, combined with God’s great ability as the vinedresser, still bear fruit today.
Romans 8:28 is one of my favorite verses. Mostly because the outcome from so many of my own doings still turned out okay – even great at times – and NOT by my doing! It rings true in this instance as well.
Now, on the flip side of life, I find myself being the one compelled with the need to give advice. After all, it states in Titus 2 that the older women are to teach the younger ones, right? However, on this flip side I am also experiencing what I “dished out” as a younger woman – patronizing disrespect, disdain, scorn, condescension, even insult. Thank God for the women He placed in my life who had so much patience and love for me, who saw the God-given potential in my personality and character enough to press on and continue to plant seeds in my life even when they faced my know-it-all, haughty, arrogant, proud self!
{{{ shudder }}} 😜
You see I realized, I too am merely planting seeds. It is not up to me to decide if the ground is that of the wayside, which gets trampled down or devoured by the birds of the air. Or if it is spread out over rock, which springs up and withers away because it lacks moisture. Or among thorns, which choke it. Or if on good ground which springs up and yields a crop of a hundredfold. (Luke 8:5-8) It is up to those receiving the seeds to hear, receive, and apply. Whether I share my wisdom and experience with the hard-, shallow-, crowded-, or soft-hearted, I simply plant seeds. Our heavenly Gardener is the One who cares for them and causes them to grow, bloom, and bear fruit.
I’ve often wondered why our human race feels the need to repeat mistakes from history. Why we don’t heed to the experience of others and save ourselves the trouble of learning the hard way. Understanding, however, that there is something to be gained for us going through the miry clay. So in an attempt to spare our loved ones, those of us who have trudged through the thick mud of adversity, pain, disappointment, sorrow, and loss, we share our testimonies… our seeds. In hopes someday – mixed with God’s miraculous vine dressing – they might… just might, bear fruit.
Romans 8:28 is one of my favorite verses. Mostly because the outcome from so many of my own doings still turned out okay – even great at times – and NOT by my doing! It rings true in this instance as well.
Now, on the flip side of life, I find myself being the one compelled with the need to give advice. After all, it states in Titus 2 that the older women are to teach the younger ones, right? However, on this flip side I am also experiencing what I “dished out” as a younger woman – patronizing disrespect, disdain, scorn, condescension, even insult. Thank God for the women He placed in my life who had so much patience and love for me, who saw the God-given potential in my personality and character enough to press on and continue to plant seeds in my life even when they faced my know-it-all, haughty, arrogant, proud self!
{{{ shudder }}} 😜
You see I realized, I too am merely planting seeds. It is not up to me to decide if the ground is that of the wayside, which gets trampled down or devoured by the birds of the air. Or if it is spread out over rock, which springs up and withers away because it lacks moisture. Or among thorns, which choke it. Or if on good ground which springs up and yields a crop of a hundredfold. (Luke 8:5-8) It is up to those receiving the seeds to hear, receive, and apply. Whether I share my wisdom and experience with the hard-, shallow-, crowded-, or soft-hearted, I simply plant seeds. Our heavenly Gardener is the One who cares for them and causes them to grow, bloom, and bear fruit.
I’ve often wondered why our human race feels the need to repeat mistakes from history. Why we don’t heed to the experience of others and save ourselves the trouble of learning the hard way. Understanding, however, that there is something to be gained for us going through the miry clay. So in an attempt to spare our loved ones, those of us who have trudged through the thick mud of adversity, pain, disappointment, sorrow, and loss, we share our testimonies… our seeds. In hopes someday – mixed with God’s miraculous vine dressing – they might… just might, bear fruit.
Saturday, July 1, 2017
Failure is Not Final
I recently became aware of a noteworthy acronym for the word FAIL… First Attempt In Learning. (i) A Christian Satellite Network pastor once said, “Our failures do not prevent us from serving God, they PREPARE us for serving Him” (my emphasis). (ii) In any case, the point is that we have no need to fear failure. Thomas Edison's teachers said he was "too stupid to learn anything." He was fired from his first two jobs for being "non-productive." As an inventor, Edison made 1,000 unsuccessful attempts at inventing the light bulb. When a reporter asked, "How did it feel to fail 1,000 times?" Edison replied, "I didn’t fail 1,000 times. The light bulb was an invention with 1,000 steps." (iii)
There are two huge areas where I have felt the most failure – my parenting and my home. So much so that I find it extremely difficult to discuss. However, if anyone is to benefit from my experience, then sharing is a must. But first, stay with me for a moment…
Think back when you got your first “F” on a progress report, even transcript, or some other equally devastating failure.
{{{ gasp }}}
Remember that feeling in the pit of your stomach? That’s called anxiety, and Philippians 4:6-7 is a commandment to “Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God; and the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus” (NKJV). Definitely easier said than done… without practice. Anything worth doing, is worth doing right… and even practice doesn’t make perfect. But, “perfect” practice makes perfect! While we’ll never be perfect, we can and should strive for it by giving it our all while never giving up.
There are several attributed to saying something like, “Give it all, but don’t give up.” It was another pastor I heard talking about surrender who gave me further perspective on this concept. We shouldn’t just give it all in our own strength, but in addition give it up (which is completely different than giving up) to the One who can actually do something with it. In our own strength we are weak. But in our weakness, we are made strong. God’s strength is made perfect in weakness. (iv)
It doesn’t seem accurate that in order to succeed you’ve got to give it up. And it certainly isn’t natural, especially for someone whose life has been so out of control, the result being to feel the need to take complete control and micromanage EVERYTHING. But if you’ve ever played an instrument, sang, or even typed on a keyboard with any kind of proficiency you realize the more you tighten your muscles you cramp up – even freeze joints, and choke! At some point, you notice the more you relax the better you become at it.
So back to my parenting and my home. While I still cringe at the idea that I can never go back and am far from where I would like to be, I have found I progress best when I “let it go” as Elsa sang in Disney’s Frozen (that one’s for you, Joe 😉). At some point after becoming a single parent, I decided my best strategy – for me... one with four girls, and for them... with the knowledge and experience of losing my mother at such a young age – would be to work myself out of a job. While my girls were given the task of becoming self-sufficient at what some may seem too early of an age, God came through like the Champion He is with Romans 8:28, “And we know that all things work together for the good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.” Plus, knowing that I wouldn’t have survived without the women He placed in my life after losing my own mother, I constantly prayed for Him to place women in their lives who could give them what I couldn’t, and He did. My girls are all beautiful, both inside and out, and extremely self-sufficient. I just love our mother-daughter chats, some via video because of the distance between us. But, we are close in our hearts. Answered prayer.
As far as my home, well again I am far from where I would like to be. But, you cannot combine two five or six-person homes into one – as Joe and I did nearly twelve years ago – and not expect some chaos in the process! Even once we became an empty nest, with a few returning here and there, I am still finding boxes that have never been unpacked.
{{{ sigh }}}
However, this summer has been the turning point. Joe and I are finding balance and routine, as well as creating aesthetically pleasant and functioning space in our home. Most importantly, by placing God first, we have surrendered our home to become a place of sanctuary for ourselves, our children, grandchildren, and guests. And while there has been a lot of failure, a lot of “first attempts in learning,” it is with this goal that we have found the most progress occur, and it has given us abundant preparation for serving Him.
This post became a lot longer than I had first anticipated, so if you’ve hung in this far I applaud you! And I thank you for being a faithful reader. Until next time… ❤️
---------------------
(i) Unsure of original author, but heard quoted on a Flipgrid webinar
(ii) CSN – 11/15/2015 @ 6:15am
(iii) https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/OnFailingG.html
(iv) 2 Corinthians 12:9-10
There are two huge areas where I have felt the most failure – my parenting and my home. So much so that I find it extremely difficult to discuss. However, if anyone is to benefit from my experience, then sharing is a must. But first, stay with me for a moment…
Think back when you got your first “F” on a progress report, even transcript, or some other equally devastating failure.
{{{ gasp }}}
Remember that feeling in the pit of your stomach? That’s called anxiety, and Philippians 4:6-7 is a commandment to “Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God; and the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus” (NKJV). Definitely easier said than done… without practice. Anything worth doing, is worth doing right… and even practice doesn’t make perfect. But, “perfect” practice makes perfect! While we’ll never be perfect, we can and should strive for it by giving it our all while never giving up.
There are several attributed to saying something like, “Give it all, but don’t give up.” It was another pastor I heard talking about surrender who gave me further perspective on this concept. We shouldn’t just give it all in our own strength, but in addition give it up (which is completely different than giving up) to the One who can actually do something with it. In our own strength we are weak. But in our weakness, we are made strong. God’s strength is made perfect in weakness. (iv)
It doesn’t seem accurate that in order to succeed you’ve got to give it up. And it certainly isn’t natural, especially for someone whose life has been so out of control, the result being to feel the need to take complete control and micromanage EVERYTHING. But if you’ve ever played an instrument, sang, or even typed on a keyboard with any kind of proficiency you realize the more you tighten your muscles you cramp up – even freeze joints, and choke! At some point, you notice the more you relax the better you become at it.
So back to my parenting and my home. While I still cringe at the idea that I can never go back and am far from where I would like to be, I have found I progress best when I “let it go” as Elsa sang in Disney’s Frozen (that one’s for you, Joe 😉). At some point after becoming a single parent, I decided my best strategy – for me... one with four girls, and for them... with the knowledge and experience of losing my mother at such a young age – would be to work myself out of a job. While my girls were given the task of becoming self-sufficient at what some may seem too early of an age, God came through like the Champion He is with Romans 8:28, “And we know that all things work together for the good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.” Plus, knowing that I wouldn’t have survived without the women He placed in my life after losing my own mother, I constantly prayed for Him to place women in their lives who could give them what I couldn’t, and He did. My girls are all beautiful, both inside and out, and extremely self-sufficient. I just love our mother-daughter chats, some via video because of the distance between us. But, we are close in our hearts. Answered prayer.
As far as my home, well again I am far from where I would like to be. But, you cannot combine two five or six-person homes into one – as Joe and I did nearly twelve years ago – and not expect some chaos in the process! Even once we became an empty nest, with a few returning here and there, I am still finding boxes that have never been unpacked.
{{{ sigh }}}
However, this summer has been the turning point. Joe and I are finding balance and routine, as well as creating aesthetically pleasant and functioning space in our home. Most importantly, by placing God first, we have surrendered our home to become a place of sanctuary for ourselves, our children, grandchildren, and guests. And while there has been a lot of failure, a lot of “first attempts in learning,” it is with this goal that we have found the most progress occur, and it has given us abundant preparation for serving Him.
This post became a lot longer than I had first anticipated, so if you’ve hung in this far I applaud you! And I thank you for being a faithful reader. Until next time… ❤️
---------------------
(i) Unsure of original author, but heard quoted on a Flipgrid webinar
(ii) CSN – 11/15/2015 @ 6:15am
(iii) https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/OnFailingG.html
(iv) 2 Corinthians 12:9-10
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